I often tell people that they might simply deny every allegation of the petition and put the plaintiff to the burden of proving the case. In some jurisdictions, however, a pleading must be “verified.” That is, you must swear to the accuracy of your pleadings – although I don’t know what the consequences of verifying a pleading that later turns out to be untrue are. Very likely, except in unusual circumstances, there are no consequences if you have any basis for denying at all. It seems likely, although I am not completely certain, that California is a jurisdiction requiring verification. Or to put it slightly differently, in many situations verification is required – I don’t know if there are any in which it is not. Check your rules of civil procedure.
Here is the rule:
Code of Civil Procedure section 437 authorizes denials based upon lack of information or belief “If the defendant has no information or belief upon the subject sufficient to enable him to answer an allegation of the complaint,” it is established in this state that denials in this form are limited to situations where the defendant is not able to deny or admit positively. [5a] Accordingly, if the matter is within the defendant’s actual knowledge or by its nature is presumed to be within his knowledge, or if the defendant has the means of ascertaining whether or not it is true, a denial on information and belief or for lack of either will be deemed sham and evasive and may be stricken out or disregarded. (Mulcahy v. Buckley, 100 Cal. 484, 486-489 [35 P. 144]; Bartlett Estate Co. v. Fraser, 11 Cal.App. 373, 375 [105 P. 130]; [242 Cal. App. 2d 792] Zenos v. Britten-Cook Land etc. Co., 75 Cal.App. 299, 304 [242 P. 914]; Goldwater v. Oltman, 210 Cal. 408, 424-425 [292 P. 624, 71 A.L.R. 871]; Dietlin v. General American Life Ins. Co., 4 Cal. 2d 336, 349 [49 P.2d 590]; Zany v. Rawhide Gold Min. Co., 15 Cal.App. 373, 375-376 [114 P. 1026]; Taylor v. Newton, 117 Cal. App. 2d 752, 760 [257 P.2d 68]; Oliver v. Swiss Club Tell, 222 Cal. App. 2d 528, 538-539 [35 Cal.Rptr. 324].) [6] Consistent with this rule, therefore, “if the answer fails otherwise to put in issue the material allegations of the complaint, judgment may be rendered and entered on the pleadings.”
In other words, under some circumstances, you can deny on the basis of lack of knowledge or information, that might be disregarded if you are presumed by the law to know the truth of the allegation. Whether a person is presumed by the law to know about old credit card bills is not clear. The best solution might be to deny on the basis of lack of information and belief, and then follow up immediately with a demand for a bill of particulars. If the plaintiff can present you a bill of particulars (unlikely), you might then have to take a second look at the issue.
Demanding a Bill of Particulars in CA Part 2
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Demanding a Bill of Particulars in California
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Special Considerations for California
I often tell people that they might simply deny every allegation of the petition and put the plaintiff to the burden of proving the case. In some jurisdictions, however, a pleading must be “verified.” That is, you must swear to the accuracy of your pleadings – although I don’t know what the consequences of verifying a pleading that later turns out to be untrue are. Very likely, except in unusual circumstances, there are no consequences if you have any basis for denying at all. It seems likely, although I am not completely certain, that California is a jurisdiction requiring verification. Or to put it slightly differently, in many situations verification is required – I don’t know if there are any in which it is not. Check your rules of civil procedure.
Here is the rule:
Code of Civil Procedure section 437 authorizes denials based upon lack of information or belief “If the defendant has no information or belief upon the subject sufficient to enable him to answer an allegation of the complaint,” it is established in this state that denials in this form are limited to situations where the defendant is not able to deny or admit positively. [5a] Accordingly, if the matter is within the defendant’s actual knowledge or by its nature is presumed to be within his knowledge, or if the defendant has the means of ascertaining whether or not it is true, a denial on information and belief or for lack of either will be deemed sham and evasive and may be stricken out or disregarded. (Mulcahy v. Buckley, 100 Cal. 484, 486-489 [35 P. 144]; Bartlett Estate Co. v. Fraser, 11 Cal.App. 373, 375 [105 P. 130]; [242 Cal. App. 2d 792] Zenos v. Britten-Cook Land etc. Co., 75 Cal.App. 299, 304 [242 P. 914]; Goldwater v. Oltman, 210 Cal. 408, 424-425 [292 P. 624, 71 A.L.R. 871]; Dietlin v. General American Life Ins. Co., 4 Cal. 2d 336, 349 [49 P.2d 590]; Zany v. Rawhide Gold Min. Co., 15 Cal.App. 373, 375-376 [114 P. 1026]; Taylor v. Newton, 117 Cal. App. 2d 752, 760 [257 P.2d 68]; Oliver v. Swiss Club Tell, 222 Cal. App. 2d 528, 538-539 [35 Cal.Rptr. 324].) [6] Consistent with this rule, therefore, “if the answer fails otherwise to put in issue the material allegations of the complaint, judgment may be rendered and entered on the pleadings.”
In other words, under some circumstances, you can deny on the basis of lack of knowledge or information, that might be disregarded if you are presumed by the law to know the truth of the allegation. Whether a person is presumed by the law to know about old credit card bills is not clear. The best solution might be to deny on the basis of lack of information and belief, and then follow up immediately with a demand for a bill of particulars. If the plaintiff can present you a bill of particulars (unlikely), you might then have to take a second look at the issue.
The Answer and Some Early Defense of Debt Litigation
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Enjoy some Free Time
41 Things You Can Do for Free
A big part of America’s debt problem is systemic – we live in an economic system that exploits people and takes from the poor to give to the rich. However, that’s at the “macro” level. At the individual level, one part of the problem is that we are taught that the only way to be fulfilled or feel valuable is to consume things. To spend. And many people find it difficult to pass a day without spending a lot of money. They can’t think of things to do, and if they do, it may leave them feeling unfulfilled.
Even if you have it to spend, it can be liberating not to do that. It’s important to break that cycle.
Below is a list of things, almost all of which are almost free. Nothing, in a sense, is actually free, since as long as you’re alive you’re burning calories and needing a place to live, and for many, those things cannot be taken for granted. Likewise, electricity and internet bandwidth are negligible for most people these days, but they’re not completely free. But once those things are covered, most of the things below are actually free – or very nearly so – with the one spectacular exception of Six Flags.
I explain the reason for its inclusion below, and that reasoning would also perhaps apply to many types of memberships. I would caution you against too many things like that, though, because they do imply an expense that can be quite substantial. Six Flags, as I point out, is NOT free even in the scenario I posit. We do like to keep the expense of any one trip to a minimum, however, and that can be basically free.
My list does not include some items many people’s lists do include, things like watching television in your man-cave or window-shopping at Saks Fifth Avenue or the like. That’s because these things are first cousins to expense, and they are indulgences that will likely eventually lead to your feeling the need to buy stuff. They’re a part of our consumption-based culture, and they imply the previous purchase of expensive things, or the envy or admiration of others who have expensive things. My list is designed to take you out of the consumption-oriented world and to a simpler, truly less expensive place.
Free Things
Talking with Debt Collectors – Periscope
Our Periscope Scopes (on Youtube)
The first one: Talking with Debt Collectors
How to Tell the Debt Collector You are Judgment Proof
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More Legal Research
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More Research on Google Scholar
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Research Using Google Scholar
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